Using art history to prepare for a Museum Field trip, hang printouts of the works of art around your classroom. In front of each artwork, leave a card with questions that will provoke conversations. Divide the students into groups and assigned them to start at one artwork. Students can take turns being a docent (leading a group discussion) and talk for 3-5 minutes. If they ran out of questions, instruct students to try and extend the conversation.

Sample Directions:

1. Talk about the art until I tell you to switch
2. Follow all the “visiting an art museum rules”
3. A new group member will act as docent at each artwork. There are cards at each artwork with questions for the docents to ask.
4. You will be graded on participation in the conversations AND on following the art museum rules.

Sample “visiting an art museum rules:”

1. Stay 3 feet from the artwork at all times (out of arm’s reach).
2. No pointing, unless your hand is 3 feet or more away from the artwork.
3. Stay with your group
4. Answer the docent’s questions.
5. Ask questions.
6. Keep your voices low so that only your group can hear you.
7. Be respectful of other people’s opinions.

Self-confidence and self-discipline are very important qualities to develop before attending a museum field trip. Students must be confident enough to interact with the docents, ask questions, and share what they know to have a richer visit. They also must possess self-discipline since they are in a new setting and will not always have their classroom teachers to lead the discussion. Allowing students to be docents will help them take ownership of the field trip and will ultimately enhance their museum experience.

• Although he fragments forms into geometric shapes and rearranges them into a seemingly chaotic composition, Picasso’s paintings still includes some recognizable elements from the original subject matter. What clues does the artist include to allow the viewers to recognize the figure?

• How do the thick, black lines and geometric shapes add an energetic tone to the work?

• How does the color add emphasis and energy to the work? In your opinion, what stands out more in the work of art: the geometric shapes or the color? Explain your reasoning.
• Why do you think the artist colored in some shapes with planes of color while filling others with dots? Consider the placement of the shapes and their size.
• Red and green are complementary colors, meaning they are colors that are opposite of each other on the color wheel. When used together, they create a pleasing affect. Why do you think Picasso chose to use red and green on the figure’s face?
• Notice the figure’s blue hair, which frames the face. What effect does the inclusion of blue to the rest of the color palette add to the painting?
• How does the artist draw attention to the figure’s face? Think about the color and composition of the geometric shapes.
• The figure was known in real life for her dark eyes and eyebrows and high cheekbones. How does Picasso emphasize these features in the work?

• Considering the elements and tone of this work of art, do you think that the artist is celebrating the sitter or depicting a realistic viewpoint?
• Even though the identity of the figure is known, Picasso chose not to include her name in the title. Why do you think he chose to title the painting Seated Woman? Explain your opinion using evidence from the painting and your previous knowledge about the artist.
• Despite the fact that the composition seems chaotic, how do you know that it is actually considered and intentional? Use visual evidence from the work of art to justify your answer.
• This work of art was created late in Picasso’s life and after his Cubist phases. Compare this work to an earlier Cubist work by Picasso. How does the artist build from and move beyond Cubism in Seated Woman?
• Next, compare this work of art to more traditional portraits. Picasso often referenced established artists and traditional art historical elements. What elements reference more traditional portraits? Why do you think Picasso would choose to include these elements?
• Why do you think Picasso chose to observe his subject from different angles instead of from just one? What advantages might that present the artist with? Is it advantageous to the viewer? Why?
• Picasso once said, “Nature does many things the way I do, but she hides them!” What do you think he meant by this? How does this quote apply to Seated Woman?

 

• What are we looking at?
• How would you describe this woman?
• What stands out the most about her?
• What do you think this woman would be like in real life?
• What kind of personality would she have?
• Why do you think Picasso painted her like this?
• How would the painting be different if she were painted realistically?
• Would you like the painting more?
• Would we know more about the woman? Why do you think that?

Seated Woman is a depiction of Spanish artist Pablo Picasso’s second wife, Jacqueline Roque, a frequent subject for the artist. Her portraits are characterized by an exaggerated neck and a “feline” face. Her dark eyes and eyebrows, high cheekbones, and classical profile would eventually become familiar symbols of Picasso’s late paintings. In this particular work, the artist presents Roque seated and facing outward toward the viewer. As the blue tones recede into the background, the work prominently features red and green tones, two complementary colors that add visual excitement to the composition.

 

Picasso explored ways to present three-dimensional objects on a flat, two-dimensional surface. Although this painting still includes some recognizable elements from its original subject matter, the artist fragmented those forms into geometric shapes and rearranged them into a seemingly chaotic composition. Amidst this imaginative structure, Picasso uses color to help the viewer focus on the face as the center of attention. Drawn in thick, black outlines, the face is conveyed in the most detail, while the body is composed of simple lines and shapes. The face is split into two sections; one red and the other white. A thick, green line divides the face into two sides. For the figure’s hair and torso, Picasso fills in the space between the lines with either light washes or thick dots of paint. Roque’s blue hair allows for her distinctive facial features to stand out. Furthermore, the artist places emphasis on her eyes and eyebrows with bold lines and exaggerated detail. The composition is anchored by a brown hat, whose shape echoes the curves of the figure’s torso.

 

Already inspired by Roque’s beauty, it is likely that Picasso’s series of paintings derived from Eugène Delacroix’s The Women of Algiers. The artist once commented that “Delacroix has already met Jacqueline.” In 1963, Picasso painted her portrait 160 times and continued to paint her in increasingly abstract forms until his death in 1973.

 

Picasso’s work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later phases are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are: the Blue Period (1901-1904), the Rose Period (1905-1907), the “African-influenced” Period (1908-1909), Analytic Cubism (1909-1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912-1919). In the period following WWI, Picasso also produced works in the styles of Neoclassicism (“return to order”) and Surrealism. His later works, like this example, were a mixture of styles. They continued to push the boundaries of art as daring, colorful, and expressive works.